1
The quality and availability of micro-level time series data on both transnational crimes and enforcement operations should be improved so that better policy evaluations are possible
Policy Evaluetion International Coordination Anti-Human Smuggling Strategies Enforcement Operation
2
Empirical and transparent evaluations of medium- and long-term effects should be the bases of policy implementation so that multiple shortsighted interventions are avoided
3
Policy analysts should adopt a holistic approach when analyzing transnational crimes, to ensure that displacement effects are not overlooked
4
International asymmetries in anti-human smuggling policies should be reduced in order to limit the spatial displacement of this crime
5
Because of the risk of crime displacement, countries should coordinate crime control policies through international and supranational institutions to preserve the political equilibria of countries characterized by recent conflicts, weak institutions, and fragile economies
6
Destination countries for drug flows should allocate part of their resources for funding anti-drug policies to origin and transit countries with higher levels of corruption to reduce criminal opportunities for drug traffickers
7
Anti-human smuggling policies should move beyond the “one size fits all” approach. The economic and socio-cultural dynamics behind human smuggling vary by route and over time; consequently, anti-human smuggling policies should do the same
8
Migrant recipient countries should expand legal migration channels to reduce criminal opportunities for human smuggling by providing migrants with alternative legitimate means to reach countries with stable institutions in which to work and live
9
Governments in transit and destination countries should accompany any reforms relaxing immigration constraints with consensus-building campaigns conveying to the general population the reasons for, and potential advantages of, these reforms
10
Multi-purpose operations patrolling European external borders should address irregular migration and the trafficking of goods with separate strategies, in consideration of the episodic nature of the convergence between human smuggling and the trafficking of illicit goods. Each strategy should focus on the features of these different crimes
11
Counter-actions aimed at reducing transnational traffics should exploit insights into the spatial convergence of crime. Risk terrain models and multilevel risk indicators can increase the efficiency of controls by predicting areas and border-segments at higher risk of use for the trafficking of multiple goods (e.g. cannabis and cocaine)
12
Authorized operator certifications and transparency requirements should be strengthened to more effectively combat the smuggling of goods through free trade zones